Bibliographic Essay Topics Are Very Diverse. Basically, you can write your essay on any topic. Bibliographic essay topics are limited only by your knowledge and imagination. Do you need some examples? Okay, here are some: Concentration camps. Justice and how it can be perceived. Children with neurological diversities. Elections and transparency afterword and bibliographical essay by Richard and Anna Maria Drinnon (New York: New American Library, ). The editors of this edition performed an especially useful service by compiling a new and far more comprehensive index to replace the hopelessly inadequate original. In addition to its serialization in Yiddish in the. Forward Bibliographic Essay: History of Cartography 06/08/, 5+07 PM WWW-Virtual Library: History Map History / History of Cartography: THE Gateway to the Subject HOME Reading What the complete WHAT'S (main Suggestions INDEX site is SITEMAP NEW menu) menu ABOUT Bibliographic Essay: History of Cartography by Evelyn Edson, professor of history at
How to write a bibliographic essay: Best Guide | OnlineNursingPapers
edu no longer bibliographic essay example Internet Explorer. To browse Academia. edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a bibliographic essay example seconds to upgrade your browser, bibliographic essay example. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Sample Bibliographic Essay History of Cartography. Sophia Garcia, bibliographic essay example. Download Download PDF Full PDF Package Download Full PDF Package This Paper. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Download Full PDF Package. Translate PDF. Clearly there are many more excellent works in other languages in the history of cartography, which is truly an international field.
Interested readers should search the bibliographies of Imago Mundi for references to these, or consult the bibliographies on the Education pages of the Groupe des Cartothécaires of LIBER. This essay provides an over-view of recent developments in the history of cartography, beginning with general works and resources, followed by an account of the age of discoveries, a watershed in the history of maps, bibliographic essay example. The study then looks back bibliographic essay example the precursors of the medieval and classical periods, reviews non-Western maps and the colonial period, and concludes with the technological revolution in mapmaking of the present time.
Most works are drawn from the last fifteen years, which have been dominated by the publication of the multivolume The History of Cartography, bibliographic essay example, edited by J. Brian Harley and David Woodward. For example, we recognize the shape of a familiar landmass like Africa, whether it appears on a map, a coffee mug or on the back of a teenager's partly shaved head. When our standard view is challenged, we are disturbed and angry. Showing the Australian map of the world with south on top provokes a roar of outrage from a college history class: "Turn it right side up!
And there will be a history bibliographic essay example future mapping, which may take forms as yet unimagined by us. The field of the history of cartography has been transformed in the past two decades. A map has been traditionally defined by geographers as a "representation of things in space," a definition that implies a certain level of physical correspondence. A new definition, according to Harley and Woodward, reads thus: "Maps are graphic representations that facilitate a spatial understanding of things, concepts, conditions, processes, or events in bibliographic essay example human world. Such artifacts as diagrams of imaginary cosmographies, landscape paintings, and "mental maps" may now be considered maps.
The working out of this definition is seen in its widest form in Cartography in the Traditional African, American, Arctic, Australian and Pacific Societies volume 2, book 3 of History of Cartographywhich discusses the dreaming diagrams of the Australian aborigines, the cosmographic calendars of the Mayans, bibliographic essay example, and ritual sand paintings of the Navajos. These works are not "maps" in the traditional sense, but they do incorporate spatial relationships and individual places, often in terms of spiritual significance. Traditionally, the history of cartography had been dominated by geographers and was viewed as a triumphal march toward the increasingly accurate, bibliographic essay example, bibliographic essay example maps of the present.
Such a bibliographic essay example culminates in the use of precise tools, aerial surveillance, satellite mapping, and Geographic Information Systems. The maps of the past tended to be discounted as crude and clumsy approximations of "real" space. Not that these early map historians were slipshod-despite the changes in the orientation of the field, classics, such as books by Raymond Beazley The Dawn of Modern GeographyGeorge Kimble Geography in the Middle Agesand John Wright The Geographical Lore of the Time of the Crusadesstill have much to teach us in their careful examinations of individual maps. As historians of cartography have bibliographic essay example away from geographical accuracy as the chief quality of a map, bibliographic essay example, they examine bibliographic essay example maps in themselves.
What was the mapmaker intending to show? Is it possible that measurement was not particularly important and that some other consideration shaped the map in question? Editors Harley and Woodward address these questions in Cartography in Prehistoric, bibliographic essay example, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean volume 1 of The History of Cartographywhich appeared in and pulls together the research of many scholars of the preceding decades. Its effect can hardly be underestimated, bibliographic essay example from the burgeoning research bibliographic essay example has followed its publication.
Volume 2 is published in three parts: Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies, bibliographic essay example, Cartography in Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies, and the book on traditional non-European societies cited above. Volume 3, on the cartography of the European Renaissance, will be issued shortly. Subsequent volumes will take the history up to the bibliographic essay example time. The field of the history of cartography has attracted scholars from a number of academic fields. Art and Cartography, a selection of essays edited by Woodward, is a particularly interesting illustration of the cross-fertilization of academic fields.
Top of page General Works At present there is no comprehensive one-volume history of cartography. Leo Bagrow's classic History of Cartography, enlarged and revised by R. Skelton inwas the last attempt, and now the multivolume History of Cartography, cited above, appears to be its replacement. The best brief introduction is by Norman J. Thrower, a geographer and cartographer, bibliographic essay example, is most insightful on the modern period, where his mastery of the techniques of mapmaking is supreme. The book includes a helpful appendix with a glossary of mapping terms. Peter Whitfield's The Image of the World: 20 Centuries of World Maps is less scholarly but has an excellent selection of color illustrations. John Snyder's Flattening the Earth: Two Thousand Years of Map Projections is a general book about a more specialized subject.
Snyder deals with the eternal problem of representing a more or less spherical Earth on a plane surface and describes various solutions that have been found. This is an excellent introduction to an important subject in cartography, since the type of projection chosen can radically alter the appearance and meaning of the map. Catherine Delano-Smith and Roger Kain's English Maps: A History serves as a good overview of the field, although its subject is limited to maps made in England or for English use.
The authors offer a comprehensive view of mapmaking and map use from the Middle Ages to the early twentieth century, putting maps into their cultural and political context. For reference there is the useful Cartographical Innovations: Bibliographic essay example International Handbook of Mapping Terms toedited by Helen Wallis and Arthur Robinson. The book is made up of a series of brief essays on the terms, each followed by bibliographic essay example bibliography. General categories include types of maps, maps of human occupations and activities, maps of natural phenomena, reference systems and geodetic concepts, bibliographic essay example, symbolism, techniques and media, methods of duplication, bibliographic essay example, and atlases.
Individual essay topics include such subjects as satirical maps, wind roses, and longitude, bibliographic essay example. Another good reference book is the regularly bibliographic essay example Who's Who in the History of Cartography, edited by Mary Alice Lowenthal. Primarily a guide to people working in the field, it also includes a useful introductory section, including a general bibliography, a list of important research centers and map collections, and a list of journals. Since the history of cartography is an international field, one expects many of these sources to be in languages other than English.
Top of page Journals and Web Sites The flagship journal in the field is the venerable Imago Mundi, founded in and now into its 53rd volume. A list of the contents throughout its history can be found at the Imago Mundi Web site. Among other useful journals is Terrae Incognitae, published by the Society for the History of Discoveries, bibliographic essay example. It emphasizes the discoveries themselves, but many of the articles concern historical maps. The product of the Smith Center at the Newberry Library in Chicago, Mapline carries brief articles along with news about lecture series and information on the library's collections.
The Washington Map Society publishes The Portolan, which is issued three times a year, bibliographic essay example, and includes longer articles and an excellent annual bibliography. A more popular publication is the bimonthly Mercator's World, which absorbed the journal Map Collector in It publishes nonacademic i. Though the publication has an impressive board of directors, the articles are not always carefully edited-caveat lector! Mercator's World is directed at collectors as well as scholars and contains information on map auctions and sales, an important inclusion since map collectors play a significant role in the field of the history of cartography, bibliographic essay example.
Some are scholars in their own right, and some have generously supported the academic world with lecture series, fellowships, and gifts to map libraries. The main discussion list on the Internet is MapHist, founded in and monitored by David Cobb, librarian at Harvard University. Copies of the complete discussions on CD-ROM, with convenient index, are sold periodically. For subscription and other information see the MapHist homepage}. The list broadcasts announcements of conferences, fellowships, and new books, as well as lively debates on map-related topics. Participants include map dealers, librarians, college and university professors, graduate students, and amateur enthusiasts. The Web has two principal gatekeeper sites that provide links to many other sources. This site includes a general introduction to the subject as well as news and guides to library collections and map dealers, bibliographic essay example.
A recently added link directs one to articles and books posted on the Web. There is also an e-journal, MapForum, which has published ten issues so far. Though these are excellent sites, the problem inherent in studying the history of cartography on the Internet is the generally poor quality of map reproductions. Perhaps this will change in the future, but at the moment one should not depend on Internet images, which take a long time to download and are usually blurred and often unreadable. Some sites are experimenting with new technology, but the software even if free takes hours to download and may tax the memories of some computers.
Some sites, such as the Benson Latin American Collection at the University of Texas, forbid printing, making the maps difficult to study. At present there is no substitute for seeing a map in the original or in good facsimile. Top of page Cartographic Theory New theoretical approaches to the history of cartography can be found in The History of Cartography, particularly Harley's opening essay in volume 1, bibliographic essay example. Harley is also the author of "Maps, Knowledge and Power" in The Iconography of Landscape, edited by Denis Cosgrove and Stephen Daniels. Here he makes clear the way that maps, rather than being objective sources of information, can be used to establish control, a theme now being expanded on by writers in specialized historical fields.
Mappings, edited by Denis Cosgrove, includes a selection of articles across the historical spectrum, mostly incorporating postmodernist theory. Soon to appear in English translation from the University of Chicago Press is Christian Jacob's L'Empire des Cartes: Approche théorique de la cartographie à travers l'histoire [Editor's update, May - the details are: Christian Jacob, The Sovereign Map: Theoretical Approaches in Cartography throughout History. Translated by Tom Conley. Bibliographic essay example by Edward H. University of Chicago Press, ]. Trained as a classicist, Jacob ranges over the entire field of cartography, bibliographic essay example, drawing examples from every period of history.
English 1102: Bibliographic Essay Guide
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A few bibliographic essays appear in this inaugural issue of Theological Librarianship. It is hoped that the combination of this short exposition on the art and nature of the bibliographic essay and the examples provided by these essays will help to guide and inspire prospective contributors in this format. While the world may not have room to Bibliographic Essay: History of Cartography 06/08/, 5+07 PM WWW-Virtual Library: History Map History / History of Cartography: THE Gateway to the Subject HOME Reading What the complete WHAT'S (main Suggestions INDEX site is SITEMAP NEW menu) menu ABOUT Bibliographic Essay: History of Cartography by Evelyn Edson, professor of history at Bibliographical essay The following bibliographical essay is a far more comprehensive listing of scholarship on early modern violence than was possible in the print version of Violence in Early Modern blogger.com constraints con fined the published bibliography to a limited number of works, almost all of themFile Size: KB
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